en عمومى Human Genetics مروری Review <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Background</span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> The<i> Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) is a spiral-shaped, gram-negative, motile and microaerophilic bacterium in which the human stomach is the single natural reservoir. </span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Objectives</span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> This review study indicates the possible contribution of <i>H. pylori </i>infection as one of the recognized vital agents for the development of gastric malignancies. </span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Methods </span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Journal online databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Wiley Online Library were investigated through keywords &ldquo;<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>&rdquo;, &ldquo;Gastric Malignancy&rdquo;, &ldquo;Gene therapy&rdquo; and &ldquo;Nanotechnology&rdquo;.</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Studies were subjected to the present review study if they met our relevance and quality criteria.</span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Results</span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> We will discuss different virulence elements of <i>H. pylori</i> comprising cytotoxin-related gene A, vacuolating cytotoxin A, as well as various outer membrane proteins leading to malignancy through various mechanisms.</span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Conclusions</span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> We also provide insight into the possible presence and role of a gastric malignancy stem cell in the tumors with the capability to initiate sustain self-renewal and tumor growth and novel strategies against <i>H. pylori</i> such as gene therapy, immunotherapy, immunoinformatics, antibiotic resistance, and nanotechnology aimed to provide a rationale view for new therapeutic approaches that are reviewed in the current study.</span></span></span></span></div> Gastric Malignancy, Helicobacter pylori, immunoinformatics, Gene therapy, nanotechnology 0 0 http://humangeneticsgenomics.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-294-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Farhad Kamandi 1003194753284600338 1003194753284600338 No Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran Mohammad reza Emadzadeh 1003194753284600339 1003194753284600339 No Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Saeed Ghanbari hassan kiadeh 1003194753284600340 1003194753284600340 No Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran Arefeh Abbasian 1003194753284600341 1003194753284600341 Yes Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran Seyed Amir Hossein Mohammadzadeh Hosseini Moghri 1003194753284600342 1003194753284600342 No Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran